Swimming

CSS calculator and swimming zones

Two times — 400 metres and 200 metres, both all-out — give you your critical swim speed, and from there the seven zones you'll swim in. Enter the times and you're done.

What critical swim speed is

Critical swim speed (CSS) is the quickest pace you can hold, in open water or in a pool, without accumulating fatigue that forces you to slow down. It behaves as a threshold: it's the number every zone is built from.

It's estimated from two maximal efforts over different distances. The time difference between 400 and 200 metres describes exactly what each additional 100 metres costs you at a maximal sustainable effort — and that is your CSS. The maths is simple: the difference between the two times, divided by two, is your pace per 100 metres.

How to do the test properly

The test is worth exactly what its execution is worth. Rested, after a short but real warm-up. Swim the 400 evenly and hard, not fast-then-dying: a badly paced 400 inflates the gap between the two distances and hands you a slower CSS than the one you actually have. Between the two efforts, full recovery — several minutes, until your breathing is back to normal.

If the test falls apart halfway or the pacing goes wrong, don't patch it with an estimate. Repeat it the following weekend.

Loading it into TrainingPeaks

Under Settings → Zones → Swim, enter your critical swim speed as threshold pace and choose the 80/20 Swimming method. You'll get exactly the values you see here — this calculator exists so you can see them first, and understand where they come from.